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Nanotechnology Is the Potential Cause of Phytotoxicity
Syeda Hafsa Ali,
Syeda Ayesha Ali
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
1-6
Received:
12 April 2019
Accepted:
31 May 2019
Published:
12 June 2019
Abstract: Nanoparticles due to its unique properties are a serious threat to the environment and health. Nanotechnology is an emerging industry with the use of nanoparticles in more than 800 products and this demand is expected to increase in the next few years. Usage of nano-technological products has spread nanoparticles into the environment during its manufacture, usage or disposal through water, air, and soil. The unintentional spread of nanoparticles have accelerated a robust debate among the scientific community and have drawn attention towards the potential impact of nanotoxicity in the environment. The physiochemical properties and reactivity of nanoparticles differ not only between nanoparticle with different chemical composition but also among identical nanoparticles with different shape, size, surface properties, and crystalline structure. Phytotoxicity occurs as nanoparticles are uptaken, translocated, or localized in a plant. Consequently, affecting germination rate, physiological processes that disrupt cell integrity at the molecular level and causes detrimental effects on plant growth and development of various crops. This toxicity produces Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that causes DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. However, these free radicals are actively scavenged by antioxidant enzymes to repair the damage and help the plant to withstand the stress. However, the continuous increase of nanoparticles can permanently damage the plant thereby reducing its ability to withstand. Therefore, cost-effective strategies are required to overcome the risk of nanoparticles.
Abstract: Nanoparticles due to its unique properties are a serious threat to the environment and health. Nanotechnology is an emerging industry with the use of nanoparticles in more than 800 products and this demand is expected to increase in the next few years. Usage of nano-technological products has spread nanoparticles into the environment during its man...
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Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds in Pomegranate Fruit Parts as an Attempt for Their Application as an Active Edible Film
Osama Mohamed Mabrouk,
Omayma El-Sayed Shaltout,
Wafaa Aly Amin,
Thanaa Mustafa Ezz,
Ahmed Mohamed Zeitoun
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
7-17
Received:
21 April 2019
Accepted:
30 May 2019
Published:
12 June 2019
Abstract: Pomegranate fruit contains high content of phytochemical constituents which have many health benefits. Peel and rind are wastes of pomegranate fruit processing, represent up to 50% of its weight. This study aimed to evaluate the ethanolic extract of pomegranate fruit parts: arils, rind and peel as sources of bioactive compounds as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for their application as an active edible film. Results clearly demonstrated that peel extract (PE) had the highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids (342 mg GAE /g and 82.33mg catechol /g, respectively ) followed by rind extract (RE) containing 213.00 mg GAE/g and 70.50 mg catechol /g, respectively, and finally arils extract (AE) ( 108.22 mg GAE /g and 55.58 mg catechol/g), respectively. Results indicated that total anthocyanins content was concentrated in PE (15.24mg Cynidian-3-glycoside/g) and AE (11.04 mg Cynidian-3-glycoside/g), while RE (6.51 mg Cynidian-3-glycoside/g) had the lowest value. Peel extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity followed by RE and were significantly higher than that of AE. These results were confirmed with the DPPH and ABTS+ assays. Consequently, PE followed by RE had higher antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic strains than AE and can be used as natural preservative for food. Peel extract and RE were incorporated into pectin film at concentration of 15 mg/ml to develop an active edible film. Pectin film without the tested fruit parts extract was used as the control film. The obtained results revealed that the film prepared from pectin with PE and RE was successfully developed and considers as an active edible film with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Abstract: Pomegranate fruit contains high content of phytochemical constituents which have many health benefits. Peel and rind are wastes of pomegranate fruit processing, represent up to 50% of its weight. This study aimed to evaluate the ethanolic extract of pomegranate fruit parts: arils, rind and peel as sources of bioactive compounds as well as their ant...
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Study on Tensile, Bending and Water Uptake Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Based Composite
Mohammad Bellal Hoque,
Md. Sahadat Hossain,
Ruhul A. Khan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
18-23
Received:
11 April 2019
Accepted:
21 May 2019
Published:
13 June 2019
Abstract: In this study, sugarcane bagasse fiber reinforced polypropylene based composites were fabricated successfully and their tensile, bending and water uptake behavior were studied. The composites were prepared by compression molding process. The fiber composition in the composites was 30% by weight. Results revealed that due to reinforcement by fiber, composites achieved 51% increase in tensile strength, 151% in tensile modulus, 109% in bending strength and 68% in bending modulus over that of polypropylene. Elongation at break was reduced due to the lower elongation property of fiber. The composites were treated by alkali for checking out the effects of alkali on composites. The concentrations of alkali used for treating the composites were 3%, 5% and 7% solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and it was found that 7% solution of sodium hydroxide demonstrated lowest tensile and bending properties. Sheared composite samples were immersed into deionized water and it was noticed that composite samples were absorbed 2.10% water within 40 minutes of water absorption test. Soil degradation test was carried out for 16 weeks and it was observed that, the tensile and bending properties of sugarcane bagasse fiber reinforced polypropylene based composites were degraded slowly. The composites lost 35% of their original mechanical properties and retained 54% of actual weight after 16 weeks of degradation in soil medium.
Abstract: In this study, sugarcane bagasse fiber reinforced polypropylene based composites were fabricated successfully and their tensile, bending and water uptake behavior were studied. The composites were prepared by compression molding process. The fiber composition in the composites was 30% by weight. Results revealed that due to reinforcement by fiber, ...
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Microneedle: Effective Means for Vaccination
Kazuyoshi Kaminaka,
Chikateru Nozaki
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
24-27
Received:
16 April 2019
Accepted:
18 June 2019
Published:
2 July 2019
Abstract: Vaccines have greatly contributed to the prevention of infectious diseases. Most current vaccines are inoculated by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection using syringes. These inoculation methods involve pain, bleeding, fear, needlestick accidents. One promising method that can overcome these disadvantages is vaccination using microneedles. MN materials are already FDA-approved for implantation or parenteral delivery for other applications. MNs can increase the transdermal permeability and deliver vaccine compounds including proteins, genetic materials and so on. There are several types of microneedles. Among them, a number of research and development has been carried out on coated MN and dissolving MN. The surface of coated MN is coated with the vaccine. On inserting into the skin, the vaccine is directly deposited into the epidermis or the upper dermis layer. Dissolving MNs are fabricated with biodegradable polymers by encapsulating the vaccine into the polymer. After inserting dissolving MN into the skin, dissolution takes place which releases the vaccine. Conventional influenza vaccines and universal vaccine candidates have been shown to be delivered to the body using MN and to have effective immunogenicity. DNA vaccines are simple to induce both of cellular and humoral immune response that make them attractive vaccine candidates. A disadvantage of DNA vaccines is their poor immunogenicity in intramuscular administration. Hepatitis B virus DNA has been shown to induce effective immunity by administration using MN with an adjuvant. This review introduces concrete works for microneedle vaccines against influenza and hepatitis B.
Abstract: Vaccines have greatly contributed to the prevention of infectious diseases. Most current vaccines are inoculated by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection using syringes. These inoculation methods involve pain, bleeding, fear, needlestick accidents. One promising method that can overcome these disadvantages is vaccination using microneedles. MN ma...
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The Assess of Pools and Small Lakes as Wetland Sites in Zalingei Area, Darfur, Sudan
Abdallah Mohamed Abdallah Ahmed Korssi,
Dawi Musa Hamad
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
28-32
Received:
17 April 2019
Accepted:
26 June 2019
Published:
13 July 2019
Abstract: The study was conducted at Zalingei area Central Darfur state-Sudan, to assess the technical aspect of wetlands (water in the area, its availability, depth) in Zalingei area, during the period from2013to2014. The methods used to data collected were included; metrictape (50m) and pole made by Jebel Marra Rural development project, and string (50m), coordinates of Each wetlands points were recorded using a GPS. The result showed that the Wetlands in Zalingei area, can take many forms as Wadis (Streams), water Pools (Permanent and temporary) and small lakes, Eight water pools and two lakes were established in the dry season, these pools are: Adam-gola, Fawzei, Hamidia, Saa4, Tarei, Zour, Rejl-aldafa, and Sarei-olmaly. The lakes as: Zour Lake, and Dudei Lake. The study was recommended that to further surveys of wetland should be made in Zalingei area and registrar in Wetland convention as Ramsar site and important bird’sarea.
Abstract: The study was conducted at Zalingei area Central Darfur state-Sudan, to assess the technical aspect of wetlands (water in the area, its availability, depth) in Zalingei area, during the period from2013to2014. The methods used to data collected were included; metrictape (50m) and pole made by Jebel Marra Rural development project, and string (50m), ...
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Some Bird Species Breeding in Wetland Sites at Zalingei, Sudan
Abdallah Mohamed Abdallah Ahmed Korssi,
Dawi Musa Hamad
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
33-36
Received:
17 April 2019
Accepted:
25 June 2019
Published:
22 July 2019
Abstract: This study was carried out on breeding bird species at Zalingei area, Sudan. The objective of this study is to document the bird species breeding at Zalingei area. The Direct observation and road count were used to data collection between April to November 2013and April to November2014. The study area was patrolled by car and on foot from7:00am to7:00pm, Field binoculars (Samsunglens HD, Tianzhufeng, 8×40,168ft) and Digital camera Samsung model (DV150F/DV151F/DV155F) were used for observation of birds identification of birds were made using East and Central African birds guide (Williams, 1991 and Sinclair and Peter, 2010). Coordinates of wetlands was done using Global Positioning System(GPS). Total of 37 species, out of 121 species were recorded breeding during the study period. They were distributed in the four sites, in Zalingei 32 species were recorded breeding. 28 species were recorded breeding in Terij and W. Azoom (23species). But the lower breeding species were seen; (14species) in Shawa.
Abstract: This study was carried out on breeding bird species at Zalingei area, Sudan. The objective of this study is to document the bird species breeding at Zalingei area. The Direct observation and road count were used to data collection between April to November 2013and April to November2014. The study area was patrolled by car and on foot from7:00am to7...
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